细胞色素p450家族基因多态性与他莫昔芬临床疗效的关系

目前，他莫昔芬广泛用于雌激素受体阳性的乳腺癌患者，可大幅度降低患者的复发和死亡，已成为抗雌激素治疗的标准用药。p450酶系是他莫昔芬代谢的关键酶，从而影响他莫昔芬的治疗效果。临床上对他莫昔芬治疗的个体反应性存在高度差异，可能与p450家族基因多态性有着密切联系。本文主要对CYP2D6、CYP3A4/5、CYP2C19基因的多态性与他莫昔芬的代谢及疗效之间的关系进行简要阐述。     

Molecular determinants of response to PI3K/akt/mTOR and KRAS pathways inhibitors in NSCLC cell lines

Despite the impressive results obtained in the preclinical setting, all the inhibitors targeting two central cascades in cancer, the PI3K/akt/mTOR and the KRAS/MEK/ERK pathways, have shown, apart from very few exceptions, disappointing efficacy when translated to the clinic. One of the main reasons of their clinical failure seems to be the lack of a clear molecular determinant of response to these drugs. In this study, we tried to address this point by evaluating the cytotoxic activity of different inhibitors targeting the two pathways at different levels in a panel of ten NSCLC cell lines harboring alterations in PI3K, KRAS or both. We were not able to highlight a correlation between the presence of KRAS and PI3K mutations and a specific sensitivity to the different drugs used. Molecular analyses performed after equimolar treatments showed that, independently from the entity of the response, the drugs are able to modulate the activation of their targets. Interestingly, we found that p53 mutational status separates the cell lines according to their sensitivity to PI3K pathway inhibitors treatments. The alterations considered in the PI3K/akt/mTOR and in the KRAS/MEK/ERK pathways in the different NSCLC cell lines are not sufficient to drive treatment choice but rather p53 status is a potential biomarker for the activity of this class of drugs.     

黄连碱上调miR-146a-5p后通过PI3K/AKT通路减轻由MPP+诱导的帕金森病细胞模型损伤

目的探讨黄连碱对1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(MPP+)诱导的帕金森病(PD)细胞损伤的影响及其机制。方法用0.3 mmol/L的MPP+处理SK-N-SH细胞作为PD细胞模型,记为MPP+组,以正常培养的细胞作为空白对照组。用浓度分别为10μmol/L、20μmol/L、40μmol/L的黄连碱预处理4h后再用0.3 mmol/L的MPP+处理作为不同浓度黄连碱处理组。将miR-con、miR-146a-5p转染至SK-N-SH细胞后再用0.3 mmol/L的MPP+处理记为MPP++miR-con组、MPP++miR-146a-5p组;将anti-miR-con、anti-miR-146a-5p转染至SK-N-SH细胞后用20μmol/L的黄连碱预处理4h及0.3 mmol/L的MPP+处理记为MPP++Cop+anti-miR-con组、MPP++Cop+anti-miR-146a-5p组。四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)检测细胞存活率;Western blotting实验检测活化的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)、细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-AKT)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(p-PI3K)蛋白表达水平;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测miR-146a-5p表达水平。结果与空白对照组比较,MPP+处理后SK-N-SH细胞存活率显著降低,活化caspase-3表达水平显著升高,细胞凋亡率显著升高,CyclinD1、miR-146a-5p表达水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。黄连碱处理及miR-146a-5p过表达后MPP+诱导的SK-N-SH细胞中细胞存活率显著升高,活化caspase-3表达水平显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著降低,CyclinD1、miR-146a-5p表达水平显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低表达miR-146a-5p逆转了黄连碱对SK-N-SH细胞增殖促进和凋亡抑制的作用。黄连碱处理后MPP+诱导的SK-N-SH细胞中p-AKT、p-PI3K表达水平显著升高,低表达miR-146a-5p逆转了黄连碱对p-AKT、p-PI3K表达水平的促进作用。结论黄连碱可促进细胞存活,抑制MPP+诱导的细胞凋亡,其机制可能与miR-146a-5p及PI3K/AKT信号通路有关。     

PTPN6通过抑制SP1/p38 MAPK信号通路促进前列腺癌细胞的化疗敏感性

目的:研究PTPN6对前列腺癌细胞PC3的作用及其作用机制。方法:RT-PCR和Western blot实验检测前列腺癌组织和细胞以及癌旁组织和人前列腺上皮细胞中PTPN6的表达量；CCK-8和EDU染色实验检测PTPN6对前列腺癌细胞PC3增殖的影响；Western blot实验检测耐药相关蛋白P-gp和MRP-1的蛋白表达水平。结果:RT-PCR和Western blot结果显示，PTPN6在前列腺癌组织和细胞中的表达量显著低于癌旁组织和人前列腺上皮细胞中的表达量；过表达PTPN6显著抑制前列腺癌PC3细胞的增殖，并降低PC3细胞的耐药性；进一步的研究结果表明PTPN6可通过抑制SP1，并抑制p38 MAPK通路抑制PC3细胞的增殖和耐药。结论:PTPN6能够抑制前列腺癌细胞PC3的增殖和耐药，提高其化疗敏感性，作用机制是通过调控SP1/p38 MAPK信号通路来实现的，这一结果能够为临床上前列腺癌的诊断和治疗提供分子基础。     

和厚朴酚对人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431增殖凋亡作用及可能的机制分析

目的:研究和厚朴酚（Honokial,HNK）对人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431增殖凋亡作用及可能的机制分析。方法:采用CCK8实验方法检测和厚朴酚对A431细胞增殖的影响；Western blot定量分析和厚朴酚对Bcl-2和Bad蛋白表达的影响；Western blot定分析和厚朴酚对A431细胞中p53蛋白表达的影响；利用p53过表达腺病毒，并联合应用药物，通过CCK8和Western blot方法分析和厚朴酚对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结果:和厚朴酚以浓度和时间依赖性地抑制A431细胞增殖，并诱导其凋亡，上升Bad蛋白水平，下调Bcl-2蛋白水平；和厚朴酚可上调A431细胞中p53蛋白表达水平；加入p53过表达腺病毒可增强和厚朴酚的作用，抑制细胞增殖，促进细胞凋亡。结论:和厚朴酚能够抑制人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431的增殖并诱导凋亡，其机制可能与p53信号通路有关。     

长链非编码RNA TUG1调控miR-138-5p对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移的影响

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)牛磺酸调节基因1(TUG1)调控miR-138-5p对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移的影响。方法:在骨肉瘤细胞U-2OS中转染TUG1 siRNA和siRNA control，qRT-PCR测定干扰效果，MTT测定增殖，流式细胞术测定凋亡，Transwell小室测定细胞侵袭和迁移。starBase预测TUG1与miR-138-5p有结合位点，双荧光素酶报告载体鉴定靶向调控关系。将miR-138-5p抑制物和TUG1 siRNA共转染至骨肉瘤细胞中，测定干扰miR-138-5p对下调TUG1的骨肉瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移的影响。结果:转染TUG1 siRNA后的骨肉瘤细胞中TUG1表达水平明显低于转染siRNA control后的细胞（P<0.05）。下调TUG1后的骨肉瘤细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力降低，细胞凋亡率升高（P<0.05）。野生型TUG1荧光素酶报告载体与miR-138-5p共转染后细胞荧光素酶活性降低（P<0.05）。与转染TUG1 siRNA的细胞比较，miR-138-5p抑制物和TUG1 siRNA共转染后的细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力升高，细胞凋亡率降低（P<0.05）。结论:下调LncRNA TUG1表达通过调控miR-138-5p表达抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力并诱导细胞凋亡。     

miR-513a-5p慢病毒载体的构建及其对人骨肉瘤细胞放疗敏感性的影响

目的:构建miR-513a-5p慢病毒过表达载体，转染人骨肉瘤细胞株，观察miR-513a-5p对人骨肉瘤细胞放疗敏感性的影响。方法:PCR法扩增人miR-513a-5p基因，克隆入pLentis-CMV-GFP-MCS-PGK-PURO载体获得重组质粒pLentis-miR513a，双酶切鉴定并测序后将正确的重组质粒和对照质粒转染293FT细胞制备慢病毒，分别转染骨肉瘤HOS和U2OS细胞，qRT-PCR法及荧光显微镜鉴定转染结果。克隆形成实验、MTT法检测miR-513a-5p高表达HOS和U2OS细胞在X射线照射下细胞存活情况。结果:双酶切及测序结果确定成功构建miR-513a-5p慢病毒载体pLentis-miR513a。qRT-PCR结果提示，转染骨肉瘤细胞株后miR-513a-5p表达显著升高。克隆形成实验结果显示miR-513a-5p高表达后骨肉瘤细胞在X射线照射下细胞增殖减慢。MTT结果提示miR-513a-5p高表达骨肉瘤细胞经X射线照射后细胞存活减少。结论:成功构建了miR-513a-5p慢病毒载体，建立了高效稳定表达miR-513a-5p的骨肉瘤细胞株，高表达miR-513a-5p能显著增加X射线照射后骨肉瘤细胞的放疗敏感性。     

The Clinical and Prognostic Implications of Pluripotent Stem Cell Markers Expression and Their Correlation with the WNT signal pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the expression of SOX2, SOX9, p53, and β-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters of prognostic importance. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients were enrolled in this study. All patients had full clinical and follow-up data and available paraffin blocks. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed and correlated with clinicopathological factors and patient survival. Results: We detected the positive expression of SOX2, SOX9, p53, and β-catenin in 76%, 50.7%, 50.7%, and 77.9% of HCC specimens respectively. All studied markers showed a significant increase in the expression in tumor tissue specimens compared to non-tumor tissue. Both SOX2 and SOX9 expressions were significantly associated with adverse prognostic factors in HCC. Significant positive correlations were found between SOX2 and SOX9 and both p53 and β-catenin expression (r= 0.528, 0.485 and; r = 0.253, 0.327, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both of them). Regarding survival, we found that HCC patients with positive SOX2 and SOX9 expressions had significantly shorter overall survival (p=0.0001, each). Additionally, larger tumor size, tumor grade, high stage, tumor multiplicity, presence of cirrhosis, tumor necrosis, high p53 expression, and positive β-catenin expression were independent predictors of worse survival. A multivariate Cox analysis revealed that tumor grade, stage, p53, and SOX2 expression were independent predictors of unfavorable prognosis in overall survival (p=0.0001, p=0.0001,p=0.033; and p=0.003, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings might provide an insight into SOX2 and SOX9’s role in HCC and suggest that SOX2 might be targeted for HCC therapy.